Abstract
BACKGROUND: Multiple primary malignant neoplasms (MPMNs) are rare, while synchronous MPMNs (SMPMNs) are even less common. Owing to the progression of medical technology and the extension of life expectancy, its incidence is gradually increasing. CASE SUMMARY: Although reports of breast and thyroid dual cancers are common, cases of an additional diagnosis of kidney primary cancer within the same individual are rare. CONCLUSION: We present a case of simultaneous MPMN of three endocrine organs, reviewing the relevant literature to enhance our understanding of SMPMNs while emphasizing the increasingly important need for accurate diagnosis and multidisciplinary management whenever this challenging situation arises.