Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection can cause inflammatory tissue-invasive end-organ diseases upon lytic replication. In humans, mature miR-200b-3p and -200c-3p suppress the synthesis of HCMV immediate early 2 (IE2) protein by binding to the 3'-UTR of the mRNA encoded by the unique long (UL) 122-123 region in human foreskin fibroblasts and pre-transplant peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with HCMV. The present study aimed to quantitate the expression of Homo sapiens (hsa)-miR-200b-3p and 200c-3p in HCMV-infected tissues. We collected 240 HCMV-infected and 154 HCMV-non-infected, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and bronchi/lungs. MiRNAs, HCMV, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were quantitated by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) on the basis of standard curves generated using miRNA mimics, the HCMV strain from National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC) 09/162, and GAPDH control. To avoid the effect of cell counts on the qRT-PCR and qPCR results, the data were normalized to GAPDH levels. HCMV-infected tissues had significantly lower levels of 200b-3p/GAPDH (3.03 ± 1.50 compared with 3.98 ± 1.08 log(10) copies/μl, P<0.001) and 200c-3p/GAPDH (4.67 ± 1.84 compared with 6.35 ± 1.47 log(10) copies/μl, P<0.001) than normal tissues. The values for 200b-3p/GAPDH (r = -0.51, P<0.001) and 200c-3p/GAPDH (r = -0.54, P<0.001) were significantly inversely correlated with HCMV load. Low tissue levels of 200b-3p and 200c-3p in humans are associated with cytopathic inflammation due to HCMV infection.