Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents, characterized by a high potential for proliferation and metastasis. Patients with osteosarcoma who have distant metastases generally have a poor prognosis. Challenges in treatment include incomplete resection of tumor and chemotherapy resistance, with no effective cure currently available. Recent studies suggest that β-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyltransferase 1 (B4GALNT1) plays a role in the progression of various malignant tumors. However, the function of B4GALNT1 in osteosarcoma cells has not been reported. This study aims to investigate the expression of B4GALNT1 in osteosarcoma tissues compared to normal tissues and to explore its effects on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells, thereby providing new theoretical foundations and directions for the treatment of osteosarcoma patients. METHODS: Tumor tissues and corresponding normal tissue samples were collected from 16 osteosarcoma patients who underwent tumor resection at the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. The patients' ages ranged from 8 to 17 years (median age 12 years). The expression of B4GALNT1 mRNA in osteosarcoma tissues, corresponding normal tissues, 3 osteosarcoma cell lines (MG63, Saos-2, and U2OS), and human fetal osteoblastic cells (hFOB) was detected using real-time reverse transcription PCR (real-time RT-PCR). The effects of B4GALNT1 knockdown on the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells Saos-2 and U2OS were analyzed using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays and colony formation assays. The effects of B4GALNT1 knockdown on the migration and invasion abilities of Saos-2 and U2OS cells were evaluated using Transwell migration and invasion assays. Western blotting analysis was performed to assess the impact of B4GALNT1 knockdown on the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion-related proteins in Saos-2 and U2OS cells. RESULTS: Real-time RT-PCR results showed that B4GALNT1 mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in osteosarcoma tissues and the 3 osteosarcoma cell lines compared to normal tissues and hFOB cells (all P<0.01). CCK-8 and colony formation assays indicated that B4GALNT1 knockdown significantly reduced the proliferation rate of osteosarcoma cells compared to the control group (all P<0.05). Transwell migration and invasion assays demonstrated that B4GALNT1 knockdown significantly decreased the number of migrating and invading osteosarcoma cells (all P<0.01). Western blotting analysis revealed that B4GALNT1 knockdown inhibited the expression of N-cadherin, Snail, Vimentin, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) compared to the control group (all P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: B4GALNT1 is upregulated in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines, and its knockdown suppresses the malignant phenotype of osteosarcoma cells. B4GALNT1 may function as an oncogene in the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells.