Abstract
Various donor sites have been extensively documented in the literature for bone free flaps in head and neck reconstruction. These include the radius, scapula, rib, ilium, femur, fibula, and metatarsal bone. Among them, the fibula, ilium, and scapula are the most commonly used and studied for placing endosseous implants and for rehabilitation purposes. Each donor site has its own advantages and disadvantages, which depend on factors such as whether the reconstruction is for the maxilla or mandible, the required volume and length of the bone and soft tissue, and the location, extent, and type of defect that needs to be reconstructed. The aim of this current review is to comprehensively assess the existing literature on the survival of implants in fibula, radial, and iliac flaps.