Abstract
Triclabendazole (TCBZ) is the gold standard treatment for fascioliasis. However, reports on resistance are increasing, emphasizing the need for alternative therapy. Combining TCBZ with ivermectin (IVM) was found to be effective for treating animal fascioliasis. Building on this, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the TCBZ/IVM combination therapy for human fascioliasis. This study enrolled 136 patients with Fasciola from Upper Egypt, and they were divided into the first group (n = 65), who received TCBZ monotherapy, and the second group (n = 71), who received the TCBZ/IVM combination. Assessments were to evaluate treatment response based on clinical, eosinophilic, and radiological parameters. Chronic fasciolosis was diagnosed in 17 patients (12.5%). No differences were observed in age and sex. Significant improvements were noted in all parameters in both groups, with more pronounced effects observed in the second group. A significantly higher complete response, including clinical, eosinophilic, and radiological improvements, was reported in the combined therapy group, with 53.3% compared to 26.2% in the monotherapy group (p < 0.001). A high baseline eosinophilic count was significantly associated with response. The efficacy of the TCBZ/IVM combination for treating human fascioliasis suggested a possible boosting effect, which can benefit regions of TCBZ failure. Further large-scale randomized studies are warranted to confirm these findings.