Abstract
The hybrid use of a superabsorbent polymer (SAP) and expansive agent (EA) is beneficial for mitigating the autogenous shrinkage of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) without compromising strength. However, the unclear mechanisms behind the synergetic effect of the two materials may hinder the more effective applications of this method. This study clarifies the interactions between SAP and CaO-based EA (CEA) in a UHPC matrix by quantifying the content and distribution of water and hydration products, underlining their influence on the strength and autogenous shrinkage evolution. The high strength of 135 MPa can be achieved in systems with a reasonable combination (S1E1, 0.1 wt%SAP, and 1 wt%CEA), and after 7 days, a 24% reduction in shrinkage was found in the same system, which is more effective than the use SAP or CEA alone at the same dose. The mitigating effect on the autogenous shrinkage of a UHPC matrix with hybrid materials at different stages depends on the competition between the water retention for self-desiccation and portlandite formation. With the continuing formation of hydration products, the microporosity of UHPC matrix under internal curing conditions at 28 d is considerably reduced, resulting in a more compact microstructure. This study also finds a suppressed crystallization pressure of growing portlandite in the extra space provided by emptied SAP, which explains the lost expansion of CEA.