Abstract
RATIONALE: Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of the trachea is a rare disease that has been shown to be associated with chronic antigenic stimulation. There have been few reports of MALT lymphoma of the trachea in association with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). PATIENT CONCERNS: A 73-year-old patient visited with a 2-year history of dyspnea on exertion and productive cough, which had worsened 1 month ago. DIAGNOSES: MALT lymphoma of the trachea associated with IPF. INTERVENTIONS: After taking into consideration the age, poor performance status, and comorbidities of the patient and the extent of disease, we utilized an observational approach as a treatment strategy. OUTCOMES: The patient is well without any evidence of progression for 12 months since the initial diagnosis. LESSONS: We present a case of MALT lymphoma of the trachea associated with IPF. A common predisposing factor may exist for tracheal MALT lymphoma and IPF. As there are no randomized clinical trials focusing on tracheal MALT lymphoma, individualized treatment decision is important, and in some cases, simply monitoring the patient might be the most appropriate approach.