Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is critical in immune regulation, and its role in tuberculosis infection remains unclear. We determined the levels of cAMP in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from tuberculosis patients and the mechanisms for cAMP suppression of IFN-γ production. PBMC from tuberculosis patients contained significantly elevated cAMP than latent tuberculosis infected subjects (LTBI), with an inverse correlation with IFN-γ production. Consistent with this, the expression of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), activating transcription factor (ATF)-2 and c-Jun were reduced in tuberculosis patients compared with LTBI. PKA type I specific cAMP analogs inhibited Mtb-stimulated IFN-g production by PBMC through suppression of Mtb-induced IFN-γ promoter binding activities of CREB, ATF-2, and c-Jun and also miR155, the target miRNA of these transcription factors. Neutralizing both IL-10 and TGF-β1 or supplementation of IL-12 restored cAMP-suppressed IFN-g production. We conclude that increased cAMP inhibits IFN-g production through PKA type I pathway in tuberculosis infection.