Abstract
BACKGROUND: Distinguishing between urinary tract infection (UTI) and colonization (UTC) in patients with neurogenic bladders who require clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) is difficult. Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin concentrations (uNGAL) are increased in UTIs. Our objective was to determine the predictive accuracy of uNGAL for UTI in CIC-dependent children. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of CIC-dependent patients from August, 2015 to November, 2016. UTI was defined as (1) growth of ≥ 50,000 cfu/mL of a uropathogen, (2) > 10 urinary white blood cells/hpf, and (3) ≥ 2 of the following: temperature > 38 °C, abdominal pain, back pain, worsened incontinence, pain with catheterization, or malodorous/cloudy urine. Positive urine cultures that did not meet these criteria were grouped as UTC, and negative cultures were grouped as no growth. RESULTS: Two hundred one patients were included (no growth = 100, UTC = 77, UTI = 24). Median (interquartile range) uNGAL was higher in the UTI group (UTI 1361 (931, 2516) μg/g creatinine, UTC 246 (106, 548) μg/g creatinine, no growth 36 (11, 179) μg/g creatinine, p < 0.01 for all comparisons). The area under the ROC curve for uNGAL for UTI versus no UTI was 0.89, 95% CI (0.80-0.98). CONCLUSION: uNGAL is elevated in CIC-dependent children with UTI compared to those with negative cultures and those with UTC.