Abstract
Diagnosing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may be difficult in cases of negative results for antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) and anti-double stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibodies, which is known as seronegative SLE. Additionally, in patients with HIV infection, the diagnosis of SLE is made complicated by the overlap of symptoms and the possibility of false negative results on antibody tests. Herein, we report the case of a 24-year-old female with HIV infection on anti-retroviral therapy who presented with vesicles and plaques over the malar area and ulcers over the roof of the mouth. Antibody tests for ANAs and dsDNA were negative. She was initially treated for herpes simplex with a secondary infection, but the symptoms did not improve. She ultimately died from acute myocardial infarction while awaiting results of direct immunofluorescence, which revealed the deposition of immunoglobulin (Ig) M, IgG, and C3 along the basement membrane, thus enabling a diagnosis of SLE. Therefore, SLE can be difficult to diagnose in patients with HIV, and other diagnostic criteria should be considered when suspecting SLE and treating these patients. Additionally, we also present our experience with ChatGPT (OpenAI LP, OpenAI Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA) in academic publishing and its pros and cons.