Abstract
This paper focuses on forecasting the total count of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Saudi Arabia through a range of methodologies, including ARIMA, mathematical modeling, and deep learning network (DQN) techniques. Its primary aim is to anticipate the verified COVID-19 cases in Saudi Arabia, aiding in decision-making for life-saving interventions by enhancing awareness of COVID-19 infection. Mathematical modeling and ARIMA are employed for their efficacy in forecasting, while DQN approaches, particularly through comparative analysis, are utilized for prediction. This comparative analysis evaluates the predictive capacities of ARIMA, mathematical modeling, and DQN techniques, aiming to pinpoint the most reliable method for forecasting positive COVID-19 cases. The modeling encompasses COVID-19 cases in Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom (UK), and Tunisia (TU) spanning from 2020 to 2021. Predicting the number of individuals likely to test positive for COVID-19 poses a challenge, requiring adherence to fundamental assumptions in mathematical and ARIMA projections. The proposed methodology was implemented on a local server. The DQN algorithm formulates a reward function to uphold target functional performance while balancing training and testing periods. The findings indicate that DQN technology surpasses conventional approaches in efficiency and accuracy for predictions.