Abstract
Oral malignant melanoma (OMM) is extremely rare and usually has a poor prognosis. Early diagnosis is very important and can improve survival but it is usually difficult due to a lack of symptomatology. We present the first case of a 39-year-old East European woman with oral amelanotic melanoma, who underwent surgery and adjuvant immunotherapy; however, after six months, she developed local recurrence. The patient continued immunotherapy with external radiotherapy targeting the oral tumor recurrence. During therapy, imagistic reevaluation brought evidence of bones, lungs, liver, endotracheal, and brain metastases. Histological differential diagnosis between amelanotic OMM and leiomyosarcoma was necessary to establish the right course of treatment. A series of complications further delayed chemotherapy administration, making the treatment in this case very challenging. The patient had a significant, although late response to immunotherapy, and maintained a good performance status during disease progression with a survival of 15 months until present.