Abstract
PURPOSE: Aggressive driving contributes to the high rates of postdeployment motor vehicle-related injury and death observed among veterans, and veterans cite problems with anger, aggressive driving, and road rage as being among their most pressing driving-related concerns. Both posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) have been associated with driving-related deficits in treatment-seeking samples of veterans, but the relative contribution of each of these conditions to problems with aggressive driving in the broader population of combat veterans is unclear. METHOD: χ2 and logistic regression analyses were used to examine the relative association of PTSD, TBI, and co-occurring PTSD and TBI to self-reported problems with road rage in a sample of 1,102 veterans living in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States who had served in Afghanistan or Iraq. RESULTS: Results indicate that controlling for relevant demographic variables, PTSD without TBI (odds ratio = 3.44, p < .001), and PTSD with co-occurring TBI (odds ratio = 4.71, p < .001) were associated with an increased risk of road rage, but TBI without PTSD was not. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that PTSD, with or without comorbid TBI, may be associated with an increased risk of aggressive driving in veterans. Clinical implications for treating problems with road rage are discussed, including use of interventions targeting hostile interpretation bias and training in emotional and physiological arousal regulation skills. (PsycINFO Database Record