Abstract
Introduction Osteoporosis is one of the most prevalent bone diseases in humans and is a significant global public health issue since it is a risk factor for age-related fractures. Fracture risk is significantly influenced by bone mineral density (BMD). Recent research has revealed that there are various genetic and environmental variables that are similar between obesity and osteoporosis. The relationship between anthropometric measurements including weight, body surface area, height, and fat mass and BMD has been the subject of several studies. Decreased bone mass and a high risk of fracture have been linked to low BMI. Materials and methods A total of 370 female patients were included in this study. Anthropometric measures, such as weight and height, were taken in accordance with international standards. We measured the T-score, Speed of Sound (SOS) (in metres/s), Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation (BUA), and Stiffness Index (SI) of the participants using a portable quantitative ultrasonic bone densitometer with a gel-coupled system in a temperature-controlled environment (26 ± 1°C) to estimate the BMD. In this study, we analyzed the relationships between anthropometric measurements such as weight, height, BMI, and waist-hip ratio (WHR) and BMD. Results In our study, we found that the population falling under the categories of Underweight and Obese have shown to have reduced BMD. There is an association between normal BMI and normal BMD. BMI can considerably affect one's risk of developing osteoporosis. Therefore, BMI and weight can be used to screen those who are at risk of having osteoporosis and its associated problems. We also observed an association between menopause and BMD measured by Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS). In the study population, post-menopausal women had a 4 times higher risk of osteoporosis than pre-menopausal women (OR = 4.46). Conclusion Calcaneal QUS is potentially helpful as a pre-screening tool for the evaluation of osteoporosis, although it must be based on device-specific cut-offs that have been tested in the populations for which they are intended to be used in a pre-screen or stratification methodology.