Abstract
Ferroelectric functionalized dye-sensitized solar cells were fabricated by using a positively-poled LiNbO(3) substrate coated with ITO (ITO-LiNbO(3)) as a collector electrode and demonstrated enhanced power conversion efficiency. Surface potential properties of TiO(2) nanoparticle film coated on the ITO-LiNbO(3) (TiO(2)/ITO-LiNbO(3)) examined by Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) confirmed that a large electric field (a few 10 V/µm) generated from LiNbO(3) can penetrate through the ITO layer and is applied to TiO(2) film. This polarization-induced electric field leads to an increased photocurrent density by attracting and promoting electrons to direct transport through the mesoporous TiO(2) network toward the collector electrode and a decreased charge recombination by facilitating electrons to pass through fewer boundaries of nanoparticles, resulting in high power conversion efficiency. The power conversion efficiency was enhanced by more than 40% in comparison with that without polarization-induced electric field. Incorporating functional ferroelectrics into photovoltaic cells would be a good strategy in improving photovoltaic performance and is applicable to other types of photovoltaic devices, such as perovskite solar cells.