Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a significant health challenge, imposing substantial burdens on individuals and healthcare systems worldwide. CAD's impact stems from artery narrowing and blockage, leading to severe complications like heart attacks and heart failure. Collaborative efforts by researchers, professionals, and governments have fostered advancements in comprehending and managing this cardiovascular ailment. Evolving CAD management embraces modern diagnostics, cutting-edge pharmaceuticals, invasive procedures, lifestyle modifications, and cardiac rehabilitation. This comprehensive approach aims to amplify outcomes and elevate the quality of life for CAD-affected individuals. This review delves into innovative treatments, pivotal breakthroughs, and recent trends in clinical practices that collectively shape CAD management. The exploration encompasses novel diagnostic technologies enabling early detection and risk assessment. Moreover, it investigates recent breakthroughs in medications that profoundly impact platelet disorders, lipid reduction, and angina. Precision medicine's role in tailoring treatment strategies based on patient characteristics is thoroughly examined. Advances in invasive procedures, like percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), have revolutionised coronary revascularisation, substantially improved long-term outcomes, and reduced restenosis rates. The increasing significance of lifestyle changes and cardiac rehabilitation in CAD management, augmenting treatment options and patient recovery, are meticulously scrutinized. While these strides are pivotal, research continues to chart new paths in CAD management, from innovative drugs to collaborative multidisciplinary care models. Staying attuned to the latest advancements and embracing a patient-centric approach can collectively reduce CAD's impact and facilitate the lives of those grappling with this chronic cardiovascular disorder.