Abstract
Prostate cancer rates and outcomes show significant differences between African American (AA) and Caucasian men, with AA males experiencing higher incidence and mortality rates. These disparities result from a complex interaction of socioeconomic, environmental, and biological factors. This study explores how the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) and Androgen Receptor (AR) signaling pathways contribute to these differences. AHR, traditionally recognized for its role in detoxifying environmental carcinogens, has recently been identified as playing a key role in prostate cancer progression. AA men tend to exhibit higher levels of AHR expression and activity, which may contribute to the aggressive nature of the disease in this population. The interaction between AHR and AR signaling pathways might promote tumor growth and lead to resistance to standard treatments. Additionally, genetic variations in the AHR and AR genes, along with environmental exposures, may exacerbate these disparities. This study emphasizes the importance of developing targeted therapies that address the specific genetic and molecular profiles of different populations. By gaining a deeper understanding of the roles of AHR and AR signaling in prostate cancer, particularly in the context of ethnic diversity, we aim to work toward reducing these disparities and improving outcomes for all patients.