Abstract
Technoeconomic analysis (TEA) studies are vital for formulating guidelines that drive the commercialization of electrochemical CO(2) reduction (eCO(2)R) technologies. In this review, we first discuss the progress in the field of eCO(2)R processes by providing current state-of-the-art metrices (e.g., faradic efficiency, current density) based on the recent heterogeneous catalysts' discovery, electrolytes, electrolyzers configuration, and electrolysis process designs. Next, we assessed the TEA studies for a wide range of eCO(2)R final products, different modes of eCO(2)R systems/processes, and discussed their relative competitiveness with relevant commercial products. Finally, we discuss challenges and future directions essential for eCO(2)R commercialization by linking suggestions from TEA studies. We believe that this review will catalyze innovation in formulating advanced eCO(2)R strategies to meet the TEA benchmarks for the conversion of CO(2) into valuable chemicals at the industrial scale.