Abstract
A new Italian intersociety position statement on the prevention of ophthalmia neonatorum was published in 2023. In this document, attention was paid to the indications for the screening of gonococcal and chlamydial infections during pregnancy according to the international and national guidelines for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). We conducted an observational retrospective study to assess whether the current guidelines for the prevention of STIs are being followed correctly. From February to August 2022, 2507 women nearing childbirth were enrolled. Among them, 42.4% received a swab for Chlamydia and only 0.5% for gonococcus. Concerning the geographical area of origin, most of the screened women came from Western Europe. None of the women who received gonococcal swabs and only 105 women out of 1062 screened for Chlamydia were under 25 years of age. Overall, only seven swabs were positive for Chlamydia, while none were positive for gonococcus. Concerning the age, geographical area of origin, and medical history of the women with a positive screening for Chlamydia, all were over 25 years old, six were from Western Europe, one was from South America, and none had other STIs. Although monocentric in nature, this study shows that the guidelines are not being followed correctly.