Abstract
The resurgence of monkeypox (Mpox), an orthopoxvirus infection closely related to smallpox, presents a significant global health challenge. This study presents a comprehensive overview of Mpox, focusing on its clinical manifestations, diagnostic strategies, and testing methodologies. A thorough review of the literature and available data on Mpox, emphasizing diagnostic assays, clinical indicators, and laboratory testing, constitutes the core of this analysis. The study involves insights from Mpox patients and healthcare professionals engaged in its diagnosis and management. Contextualizing the research within the global spread of Mpox addresses the complexities associated with the diagnosis of the disease. The findings illuminate diverse Mpox diagnostic techniques, encompassing viral culture, immunological methods, serology, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), electron microscopy, and advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and the GeneXpert system. qPCR is highlighted as the benchmark for MPXV detection and quantification. These diagnostic advancements have significantly enhanced the precision and efficiency of Mpox diagnosis, facilitating prompt identification and treatment of infected individuals. The study underscores the critical importance of accurate and timely diagnosis, proper handling and transportation of clinical specimens, and the imperative for point-of-care (POC) testing to control the global spread of Mpox.