Abstract
BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer (PC) is a prevalent malignancy with a significant hereditary component. The HOXB13 gene, encoding a transcription factor involved in prostate development, has been implicated in PC risk. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the existence of HOXB13 mutations in PC patients. METHOD: The retrospective study included 33 PC patients and 23 controls. Demographic data, family history, and smoking habits were recorded. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels were measured. We investigated the second exon of HOXB13 after extracting genomic DNA from blood samples for mutations using polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing. RESULT: PC patients had a higher mean age (64.7 years), more frequent positive family history (63.64%, N = 21), and higher smoking prevalence (60.61%, N = 20) compared to controls. PSA levels were significantly elevated in patients (76.58 ng/ml) versus controls (7.22 ng/ml). HOXB13 mutations, including thymine (3.03%, N = 1), guanine (27.27%, N = 9), and adenine (33.33%, N = 11) mutations, were observed in patients, while no mutations were found in controls. CONCLUSION: PC patients had higher mean age, more positive family histories, higher smoking rates, and elevated PSA levels. HOXB13 mutations were significantly higher in patients compared to controls. These findings emphasize the roles of HOXB13, age, family history, smoking, and PSA in PC risk stratification.