Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Comorbidity incidence rates among US patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) treated with tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFis) are inadequately understood. This study compared the relative occurrence of comorbidities between patients with AS treated with TNFis and those not treated with TNFis. METHODS: Adults aged ≥18 years enrolled in the MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Supplemental databases with a diagnosis of AS between 1 January 2008 and 30 June 2015 were eligible. Patients were divided into two groups, those treated with TNFis (TNFi users) and those not treated with TNFis (TNFi nonusers) during the 12 months after the index date, defined as the date of first TNFi treatment or a randomly assigned date for TNFi nonusers. Patients had to have continuous enrolment for 24 months with no AS diagnosis or TNFi therapy pre-index and a follow-up period of ≥12 months postindex. The incidence of new comorbidities was evaluated in patients and adjusted for baseline characteristics. KEY FINDINGS: A total of 3077 TNFi users and 3830 TNFi nonusers were included. A higher proportion of TNFi users had a new diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (hazard ratio [HR], 2.00), including Crohn's disease (HR, 2.45) and ulcerative colitis (HR, 1.65), as well as uveitis (HR, 1.68) and sleep apnoea (HR, 1.21) after initiation of TNFi therapy than TNFi nonusers. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with AS treated with TNFis had higher incidence rates of IBD, uveitis and sleep apnoea after initiation of TNFi therapy than patients not treated with TNFi therapy.