Abstract
Most patients with VC have no symptoms, so they are often discovered due to male infertility. Early identification of them is a matter of concern for clinicians. A retrospective analysis of clinical data from patients between January 1, 2021, and February 1, 2024, was conducted. Patients were divided into VC and non-VC groups. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed at a ratio of 1:1, and two cohorts with homogeneous baseline status were selected. Multivariate binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to analyze independent risk factors and protective factors and to evaluate their diagnostic value individually and in combination. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 256 patients with similar clinical characteristics were further analyzed after PSM in a 1:1 ratio of the 423 patients included in the study. The two groups had statistically significant differences in systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and body mass index (BMI) (p<0.05). Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that SII and NLR were independent risk factors for VC, while high BMI could reduce the prevalence of VC. The PLR differences were not significant. The ROC analysis showed that BMI, SII, and NLR could predict VC, with areas under the curve of 68.3% (cut-off value 22.32), 83.4% (cut-off value 357.57), and 83.2% (cut-off value 1.8), respectively. The combination of BMI and inflammatory factors was more accurate for predicting VC than BMI alone (87.5% vs. 68.3%, p=0.0001), SII (87.5% vs. 83.4%, p=0.0106), and NLR (87.5% vs 83.2%, p=0.0058). Both SII and NLR are independent risk factors for VC while BMI is an independent protective factor. The BMI, SII, and NLR values have the potential to predict VC. The BMI combined with these inflammatory factors can improve the accuracy of prediction.