Abstract
BACKGROUND: Malfunctions of robotic instruments during robotic surgery are well known to occur; however, detailed reports on the inherent problems associated with robotic instruments and robotic surgical systems are scarce. The objective of this study was to retrospectively investigate the intraoperative problems associated with robotic surgical systems and robotic instruments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a single-center retrospective study. Between April 2012 and December 2022, 544 patients with consecutive lung malignancies and/or mediastinal tumors underwent robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Among these, 15 cases had intraoperative problems associated with the robotic surgical system. Human error was defined as a problem caused by the incorrect operation of the robotic surgical system and human factors as problems in which the robotic surgical system stopped owing to damage to the instruments of the robotic surgical system or the self-diagnosis of the robotic surgical system. We retrospectively investigated the causes of intraoperative problems in these cases. RESULTS: There were 4 cases (0.7%) with problems related to the robotic surgical system, 2 of which were human errors, and 11 (2.0%) with problems related to robotic surgical instruments, 6 of these were related to instruments and 5 were related to robotic staplers. Five of these were related to human factors. CONCLUSION: Teams performing robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery should be familiar with the features of robotic surgical systems and various robotic devices, be aware of reported problems during robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, and be prepared for emergencies.