Abstract
The alloying of noble metals with Cu is one of the most effective strategies for improving catalytic performance and reducing cost in electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reactions (CO(2)RR). Previous works usually focused on the influence of morphology and composition on the catalytic activity, but lacked the study of the valence state ratio of metals and the electron transfer behavior on alloys. In this work, PdCu-2 alloy (Pd/Cu molar ratio is 1:2) was obtained by a simple one-step solvothermal method, which can effectively convert CO(2) to CO with a maximum Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 85% at -0.9 V (vs. RHE). Then, the effect of the chemical state of Pd and Cu on the catalytic performance was investigated. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) shows that the binding energy of Pd in PdCu alloy has a negative shift, which has affected the adsorption of key intermediates. When the proportion of oxidized state and zero-valent metal in the alloy is about 1:2, the PdCu alloy shows the best catalytic activity. In addition, the transient photovoltage (TPV) measurements further demonstrate that due to the introduction of Cu, the electron transfer rate of PdCu-2 becomes the slowest, which helps the accumulation of electrons on PdCu-2 and leads to the improvement of catalytic performance for electrocatalytic CO(2)RR. This work can provide more insights into the alloy catalysts of electrocatalytic CO(2)RR.