Abstract
This work investigated the mechanisms of action of conventional drugs, cisplatin and oxaliplatin, and the potentially less deleterious drug Pd(2)Spermine (Spm) and its Pt(II) analog, against osteosarcoma MG-63 cells, using nuclear-magnetic-resonance metabolomics of the cellular lipidome. The Pt(II) chelates induced different responses, namely regarding polyunsaturated-fatty-acids (increased upon cisplatin), suggesting that cisplatin-treated cells have higher membrane fluidity/permeability, thus facilitating cell entry and justifying higher cytotoxicity. Both conventional drugs significantly increased triglyceride levels, while Pt(2)Spm maintained control levels; this may reflect enhanced apoptotic behavior for conventional drugs, but not for Pt(2)Spm. Compared to Pt(2)Spm, the more cytotoxic Pd(2)Spm (IC(50) comparable to cisplatin) induced a distinct phospholipids profile, possibly reflecting enhanced de novo biosynthesis to modulate membrane fluidity and drug-accessibility to cells, similarly to cisplatin. However, Pd(2)Spm differed from cisplatin in that cells had equivalent (low) levels of triglycerides as Pt(2)Spm, suggesting the absence/low extent of apoptosis. Our results suggest that Pd(2)Spm acts on MG-63 cells mainly through adaptation of cell membrane fluidity, whereas cisplatin seems to couple a similar effect with typical signs of apoptosis. These results were discussed in articulation with reported polar metabolome adaptations, building on the insight of these drugs' mechanisms, and particularly of Pd(2)Spm as a possible cisplatin substitute.