Abstract
A convenient method of applying competition experiments to devise a Hammett correlation in the dissociation by α-cleavage of 17 ionised 3- and 4-substituted benzophenones, YC(6)H(4)COC(6)H(5) [Y=F, Cl, Br, CH(3), CH(3)O, NH(2), CF(3), OH, NO(2), CN and N(CH(3))(2)] is reported and discussed. The results given by this approach, which rely on the relative abundance of [M-C(6)H(5)](+) and [M-C(6)H(4)Y](+) ions in the electron ionisation spectra of the substituted benzophenones, are compared with those obtained by previous methods. Various refinements of the method are considered, including reducing the ionising electron energy, making allowance for the relative abundance of ions such as C(6)H(5)(+) and C(6)H(4)Y(+), which may be formed to some extent by secondary fragmentation, and using substituent constants other than the standard σ constants. The reaction constant, ρ, of 1.08, which is in good agreement with that deduced previously, is consistent with a considerable reduction in electron density (corresponding to an increase in positive charge) at the carbon of the carbonyl group during fragmentation. This method has been successfully extended to the corresponding cleavage of 12 ionised substituted dibenzylideneacetones, YC(6)H(4)CH=CHCOCH=CHC(6)H(5) (Y=F, Cl, CH(3), OCH(3), CF(3), and NO(2)), which may fragment to form either a substituted cinnamoyl cation, [YC(6)H(4)CH=CHCO](+), or the cinnamoyl cation, [C(6)H(5)CH=CHCO](+). The derived ρ value of 0.76 indicates that the substituent, Y, influences the stability of the cinnamoyl cation somewhat less strongly than it does the analogous benzoyl cation.