Abstract
OBJECTIVE: High frequency oscillations (HFOs) are a biomarker of the seizure onset zone (SOZ) and can be visually or automatically detected. In theory, one can optimize an automated algorithm's parameters to maximize SOZ localization accuracy; however, there is no consensus on whether or how this should be done. Therefore, we optimized an automated detector using visually identified HFOs and evaluated the impact on SOZ localization accuracy. METHODS: We detected HFOs in intracranial EEG from 20 patients with refractory epilepsy from two centers using (1) unoptimized automated detection, (2) visual identification, and (3) automated detection optimized to match visually detected HFOs. RESULTS: SOZ localization accuracy based on HFO rate was not significantly different between the three methods. Across patients, visually optimized detector settings varied, and no single set of settings produced universally accurate SOZ localization. Exploratory analysis suggests that, for many patients, detection settings exist that would improve SOZ localization. CONCLUSIONS: SOZ localization accuracy was similar for all three methods, was not improved by visually optimizing detector settings, and may benefit from patient-specific parameter optimization. SIGNIFICANCE: Visual HFO marking is laborious, and optimizing automated detection using visual markings does not improve localization accuracy. New patient-specific detector optimization methods are needed.