Abstract
(1) Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) poses a growing cardiovascular challenge globally, with significant implications in Vietnam. This study aimed to investigate the impact of AF on ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) and clinical outcomes, as well as the utilization of oral anticoagulation (OAC) therapy in Vietnam. (2) Methods: Data from the Registry of Stroke Care Quality (RES-Q) across 66 hospitals in Vietnam between 2017 and 2023 were utilized. Patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke or TIA were included, and clinical characteristics, pre- and post-hospitalization medication, and hospitalized outcomes were examined. (3) Results: Of 94,144 patients, 15.1% had AF. Patients with AF were older and had a higher prevalence of heart failure and more severe strokes. AF was associated with increased mortality during hospitalization and a poorer prognosis. In AF patients, anticoagulation therapy utilization increased from 15.8% pre-hospitalization to 82.4% at discharge, with a preference for direct oral anticoagulants. (4) Conclusions: AF significantly impacts ischemic stroke/TIA outcomes in Vietnam. Pre-hospitalization and anticoagulation therapy utilization were low but improved at discharge. These findings emphasize the need for improved AF management and stroke prevention strategies in developing countries.