Abstract
The term chyloperitoneum refers to the accumulation of triglyceride-rich fluid in the peritoneal cavity. It is an uncommon clinical condition that usually occurs due to disruption of lymphatic flow secondary to trauma or obstruction. Common causes include penetrating or blunt trauma, iatrogenic injuries, congenital anomalies, malignant neoplasms, infections such as tuberculosis and filariasis, liver cirrhosis, constrictive pericarditis, congestive heart failure, inflammatory conditions, such as sarcoidosis and pancreatitis, and radiation- and drug-related pathologies. We present a case of chyloperitoneum in a 33-year-old woman secondary to penetrating abdominal trauma secondary to a gunshot wound. The patient was successfully managed with total parenteral nutrition and octreotide administration. To our knowledge, this is the only case of chylous ascites caused by a penetrating injury that has been reported in the literature. Conservative management with the initiation of total parenteral nutrition and octreotide led to the resolution of this condition.