Abstract
BACKGROUND: The perception that one is at increased risk of interpersonal victimization or violence can deleteriously affect community participation and quality of life. Race, sex, and disability status, often associated with use of an assistive mobility device (AD), are known correlates of perceived risk of victimization; however, almost no research has explored how these variables intersect for individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS), and none have sought to identify potential risk and protective factors. METHODS: Data for the present study come from a single time point derived from a 10-year longitudinal survey of 446 individuals with MS. Lifetime trauma exposure, personal resilience and self-efficacy, control over participation, and perceived risk of interpersonal victimization due to disability were all assessed via self-report. Statistical analyses included analysis of covariance with participants stratified by race/ethnicity, sex, and AD use. RESULTS: After controlling for lifetime trauma exposure and severity of physical impairment, the use of an AD was significantly associated with greater perceived risk of victimization due to disability. Further, people with MS from racial and ethnic minority groups who used ADs had the highest perceived risk relative to all other groups. Higher levels of perceived risk were associated with a lower sense of control over community participation, lower resilience, and lower disease management self-efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: Visible indicators of disability may contribute to perceptions of vulnerability, especially among people with MS who are racially and ethnically marginalized. Clinicians should be aware of how perceived vulnerability may impact a sense of control over community participation, particularly when educating patients on AD use.