Abstract
The bubble dynamics under the influence of particles is an unavoidable issue in many cavitation applications, with a fundamental aspect being the shockwave affected by particles during bubble collapse. In our experiments, the method of spark-induced bubbles was used, while a high-speed camera and a piezoresistive pressure sensor were utilized to investigate how particle shape affects the evolution of shockwaves. Through the high-speed photography, we found that the presence of the particle altered the consistency of the liquid medium around the bubble, which result in the emitting of water hammer shockwave and implosion shockwave respectively during the collapse of the bubble. This stratification effect was closely related to the bubble-particle relative distance φ and particle shape δ. Specifically, when the bubble-particle relative distance φ < 1.34 e(-0.10δ), particles disrupted the medium consistency around the bubbles and led to a nonspherical collapse and the consequent stratification of the shockwave. By measuring the stratified shockwave intensity affected by different particle shapes, we found that the stratified shockwave intensity experienced varying degrees of attenuation. Furthermore, as the particle shape δ increased, the attenuation of the particle on shockwave intensity gradually reduced. These new findings hold significant theoretical implications for elucidating cavitation erosion mechanisms in liquid-solid two-phase flows and applications and prevention strategies in liquid-solid two-phase cavitation fields.