Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a recognized risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia. Unfortunately, the number of patients with both CKD and dementia has been steadily increasing with the aging patient population. Therapeutic management and clinical decision-making become more challenging in patients with dementia who often experience worsening prognoses, highlighting the urgency of developing effective countermeasures. This review explores available research on the epidemiology, contributing factors, mechanisms, and outcomes of cognitive impairment and dementia in patients with CKD while outlining the impact of exercise therapy on cognitive function.