Abstract
Background Cognitive decline, including mild cognitive impairment and major neurocognitive disorder, is a growing concern among aging populations. The prevalence of these disorders is especially relevant in regions experiencing a surge in elderly care infrastructure, such as Kerala, India. Within the context of sociocultural shifts and a rising elderly population, old-age homes are increasingly becoming the focal point of care and support for cognitive health. This study aims to examine the prevalence of cognitive defects among elderly individuals residing in old-age homes in the Kottayam district of Kerala, India. Additionally, it investigates the relationship between cognitive disorders and sociodemographic variables of the inhabitants in these institutionalized settings. Methodology In this study, 535 elderly subjects were selected from 85 registered old-age homes in Kottayam, Kerala, through systematic cluster sampling. The response rate was 89.6%. Data collection involved a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Picture Memory Impairment Screen (PMIS), and the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) translated into Malayalam. Data were gathered either from participants, caretakers, or medical records. Ethical guidelines were strictly followed. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS Statistics Version 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA), employing the chi-square test, t-test, and logistic regression, with a p-value less than 0.05 deemed significant. Results In our study of 535 elderly individuals in Kottayam's old-age homes, age, gender, and education were significantly associated with cognitive impairment, with p-values <0.001, 0.049, and <0.001, respectively. Behavioral factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption showed no significant association. The mean MMSE and PMIS scores were 25.24 and 5.57, respectively. The prevalence of cognitive defects was 170 (31.80%) as per MMSE and 182 (34.00%) according to PMIS. Given the wider acceptance of MMSE, the study established a cognitive defect prevalence of 170 (31.80%) among senior inmates. Conclusions This study reveals a high prevalence (170, 31.80%) of cognitive defects among elderly residents in Kottayam's old-age homes. Age and education were significant predictors, while behavioral factors such as smoking and alcohol were not. These findings underscore the need for targeted healthcare strategies to address cognitive decline in aging populations.