Abstract
Graphene, renowned for its exceptional mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties, is being explored as a cement nanofiller in the construction field. However, the limited water dispersibility of graphene requires the use of polymer superplasticizers, such as polycarboxylate ether (PCE). Previous studies have investigated the mechanisms by which PCE facilitates the dispersion of graphene within cement nanocomposites. However, such studies have made minimal progress, indicating a lack of understanding of the effect of residual PCE (rPCE) remaining in aqueous solution without binding to graphene. In this study, the effects of rPCE on the dispersion of graphene and the mechanical properties of graphene-cement composites (GCCs) were systematically analyzed. For this purpose, the content of rPCE was accurately measured through the centrifugation process and thermal analysis of graphene dispersion with PCE, and the result was 78.0 wt.% compared to graphene. The optical microscopy, particle size analysis, and contact angle measurement of the graphene dispersions with and without rPCE confirmed that rPCE is crucial for the dispersion of graphene and the enhancement of the interfacial affinity between graphene and cement. Additionally, the compressive strength of GCC with rPCE exhibited a substantial enhancement of approximately 10% (68.36 MPa) compared to plain cement (62.33 MPa). The effectiveness of rPCE in enhancing compressive strength correlated with the uniform dispersion of graphene within GCC and the promotion of cement hydration, as evidenced by field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively.