Abstract
This comprehensive review explores the use of prophylactic intra-abdominal drains in major elective surgeries, offering a retrospective analysis of their historical evolution, current evidence, and implications for clinical practice. The definition and rationale for drain placement are elucidated, emphasizing their role in preventing postoperative complications. The review synthesizes conflicting evidence, acknowledging the efficacy of drains in specific surgical contexts while addressing concerns and criticisms regarding associated complications. The implications for clinical practice underscore the importance of a nuanced and individualized approach, incorporating shared decision-making between healthcare providers and patients. Looking ahead, areas for future research are identified, including the refinement of patient selection criteria, determination of optimal timing and duration of drain use, and exploration of innovative alternatives. This review contributes to the ongoing discourse as surgical practices evolve, providing insights that may shape evidence-based recommendations and refine best practices in major elective surgeries.