Abstract
BACKGROUND: Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is a chronic pediatric illness, whereby youth experience physical, emotional and psychosocial challenges that result in reduced health related quality of life (HRQL). Peer mentoring has been shown to improve disease self-management in adults with chronic conditions, with mixed results in younger populations. Building on our pilot work - which supported the feasibility and initial effectiveness of the iPeer2Peer program - the objective of this study was to assess the clinical effectiveness of the program in youth with JIA through a waitlist randomized controlled trial. METHODS: Eighty-one youth (aged 12-18) were randomized to the intervention group and matched with trained peer mentors (18-25 years; successfully managing their JIA), completing of up to ten 30-min video calls over a 15-week period. Eighty-three youth in the control group received standard care. Outcome assessments occurred at enrollment, 15 weeks post randomization and 6-months post randomization. The primary outcome was self-management, measured using the TRANSITION-Q. Secondary outcomes were HRQL, pain, emotional distress, disease knowledge, self-efficacy, and perceived social support. These were assessed using linear mixed effects models. Content analysis of semi-structured interviews and focus groups was used to assess satisfaction with the program with mentors and mentees upon study completion. RESULTS: In total, 164 youth (mean age 14.4 ± 1.9 years, 78% female) were randomized to the study. The proposed sample size was not reached due to challenges in recruitment, likely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The iPeer2Peer program did not show significant improvement in self-management (p = 0.7), or any of the secondary outcomes. Three key categories emerged from content analysis: (1) Fulfillment and Support Through Shared Experience, (2) Enhancing Program Delivery and (3) Strategies to Boost Engagement. These findings highlight that mentees valued the ability to converse with mentors who empathized with their disease experience, while mentors found it fulfilling to support mentees, and noted that they could have benefited from this type of support themselves. CONCLUSION: While the iPeer2Peer did not result insignificant changes in clinical outcomes, both mentors and mentees were satisfied with the program and felt that mentorship provided real-world benefits for disease management and overall wellbeing. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03116763. Registered 31, March 2017, https://www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov/study/NCT03116763.