Abstract
STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review. BACKGROUND: Proximal phalangeal fractures of the hand are challenging to treat, and significantly impact hand function and quality of life if poorly managed. PURPOSE: A systematic review to determine the efficacy of conservatively managed extra-articular proximal phalanx fractures to optimise recovery and prevent the need for surgical intervention and its associated risks. METHODS: A literature search that included variations of the phrases 'proximal phalanx', 'fracture' and 'conservative management' was performed on 17 December 2023 using seven electronic databases and trial registries. Article screening, data extraction and critical appraisal using the Structured Effectiveness Quality Evaluation scale was performed independently. RESULTS: Seven studies that captured 389 fractures from 356 unique patients were included. Studies were of level II to IV evidence and included one comparative cohort study and six prospective case series. Interventions involved timely rehabilitation, a plaster or orthotic device, controlled metacarpophalangeal joint flexion and free mobilisation of the interphalangeal joints. A weighted mean total active motion score of 249° was achieved, with 99.5% (387/389) of fractures achieving union. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review cautions against definitive recommendations on conservative techniques for managing proximal phalanx fractures due to limitations of the available literature. However, our findings tentatively supports non-operative approaches as an alternative to surgery.