Abstract
Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) is the formation of blood cells outside the bone marrow, typically occurring in response to chronic anemia or bone marrow dysfunction. While EMH is most commonly observed in the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes, its occurrence in the kidney is exceedingly rare. In this case report, we are presenting a case of a 49-year-old male diagnosed with polycythemia vera who had an incidental right renal mass, which was histo-pathologically proven as extramedullary hematopoiesis in the right kidney mimicking lymphoma. This case underscores the importance of considering EMH in the differential diagnosis of renal masses, especially in patients with a history of myeloproliferative disorders. Early recognition and appropriate management are crucial to avoid unnecessary interventions and manage the underlying hematological condition effectively. Accurate diagnosis through histopathological examination is crucial to avoid unnecessary surgical interventions.