Super-silencer perturbation by EZH2 and REST inhibition leads to large loss of chromatin interactions and reduction in cancer growth

EZH2 和 REST 抑制引起的超级沉默子扰动导致染色质相互作用大量丧失,并抑制癌症生长

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作者:Ying Zhang #, Kaijing Chen #, Seng Chuan Tang #, Yichao Cai #, Akiko Nambu, Yi Xiang See, Chaoyu Fu, Anandhkumar Raju, Benjamin Lebeau, Zixun Ling, Jia Jia Chan, Yvonne Tay, Marek Mutwil, Manikandan Lakshmanan, Greg Tucker-Kellogg, Wee Joo Chng, Daniel G Tenen, Motomi Osato, Vinay Tergaonkar, Meliss

Abstract

Human silencers have been shown to regulate developmental gene expression. However, the functional importance of human silencers needs to be elucidated, such as whether they can form 'super-silencers' and whether they are linked to cancer progression. Here, we show two silencer components of the FGF18 gene can cooperate through compensatory chromatin interactions to form a super-silencer. Double knockout of two silencers exhibited synergistic upregulation of FGF18 expression and changes in cell identity. To perturb the super-silencers, we applied combinational treatment of an enhancer of zeste homolog 2 inhibitor GSK343, and a repressor element 1-silencing transcription factor inhibitor, X5050 ('GR'). Interestingly, GR led to severe loss of topologically associated domains and loops, which were associated with reduced CTCF and TOP2A mRNA levels. Moreover, GR synergistically upregulated super-silencer-controlled genes related to cell cycle, apoptosis and DNA damage, leading to anticancer effects in vivo. Overall, our data demonstrated a super-silencer example and showed that GR can disrupt super-silencers, potentially leading to cancer ablation.

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