Abstract
Oxygen is an essential medication used across all levels of healthcare for conditions such as surgery, trauma, heart failure, asthma, pneumonia, and maternal and child care. Despite its critical importance and inclusion on the World Health Organization's list of essential medicines, many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face significant challenges in providing adequate oxygen supplies. These challenges are exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has drastically increased global oxygen demand. This paper examines the current challenges and advancements in the oxygen supply chain within LMICs, focusing on availability, infrastructure, and usage. It highlights the innovative solutions being implemented to improve oxygen access and offers strategic recommendations for enhancing oxygen delivery and maintenance in resource-limited settings.