Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Dermatological conditions affecting the nails can manifest differently in individuals with distinct skin tones. This often leads to difficulty in the recognition of nail diseases, especially in people with skin of color (SoC), who are not well represented in the literature. OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to provide dermatologists with useful clues for prompt recognition and diagnosis of nail psoriasis (NPso) and nail lichen planus (NLP) in people with SoC. METHODS: We described the ungual manifestations of NPso and NLP in a population of 30 patients with SoC. Diagnosis was primarily based on clinical examination; in cases of diagnostic uncertainty, a biopsy of the nail matrix was performed to obtain histological conclusive evidence. RESULTS: Of the 30 people with SoC in the analysis, 24 patients had NPso with a median Fitzpatrick phototype of 4.77, and six patients had NLP with a median Fitzpatrick phototype of 5. Regarding the 24 patients with NPso, 10 presented with trachyonychia, nine displayed nail pitting, eight showed onycholysis, and 12 had subungual hyperkeratosis, while splinter hemorrhages were visible in two patients, and activation melanonychia was discernible on the nail plates of eight patients. Of the six patients diagnosed with NLP, all had post-inflammatory pigmentation on the proximal nail, with three patients exhibiting trachyonychia and three others having longitudinal fissures; subungual hyperkeratosis was found in five patients, while three patients displayed activated melanonychia. CONCLUSION: People with SoC exhibit a peculiar clinical presentation of both NPso and NLP, and a better understanding is essential to providing timely and effective care.