Abstract
Background: People with substance use disorders often differ in their decision-making styles. The present study addressed the impact of two decision-making styles (rational and dependent) on outcomes from a StaySafe tablet computer app intervention designed to improve decision-making around health risk behaviors and previously found to be effective for justice-involved people receiving treatment for a substance use disorder and under community supervision. Objectives: Participants were justice-involved residents in residential treatment. After completing a baseline survey, participants were randomly assigned to either complete the StaySafe app or to a standard procedure condition; and then asked to complete a post-intervention survey three months after baseline (this protocol has been registered with clinicaltrials.gov NCT02777086): 348 participants completed a baseline survey and 238 completed the post-test survey. Outcomes included measures of confidence and motivation around HIV knowledge and risks and getting tested. Multilevel analyses addressed the hypothesis that outcomes were related to decision-making style. Multiple imputation (MI) was used to address the effects of missing data. Results: StaySafe was more effective for those in the lower half of the decision-making dependent scale for HIV risks (HIV-Knowledge, Hepatitis testing, HIV Services testing, and Sex Risk, as well as motivation for treatment. The decision-making rational scale was less consistently related to HIV risk. Conclusions: The present study showed individuals with substance use disorders who differed in their decision-making styles reacted differently to the StaySafe intervention. Two scales, rational decision making, and dependent decision making are relevant to consider with respect to interventions targeting improving decision making among drug users.