Abstract
We have assessed new anodic coloring materials that can be used as ion storage layers in complementary energy storage electrochromic devices (ESECDs) to enhance their electrochromic storage performance. In our study, we fabricated counter electrodes (ion storage layers) using an IrO(2)-doping NiO (Ir:NiO) film through cathodic arc plasma (CAP) with varying surface charge capacities. We have also investigated the influence of a MoO(3)-doped WO(3) (Mo:WO(3)) film using various Ar/O(2) gas flow ratios (1/4, 1/5, and 1/6, respectively). The ESECDs used in the demonstration were 10 × 10 cm(2) in size and achieved an optical transmittance modulation of the Ir:NiO ESECDs (glass/ITO/ Mo:WO(3)/gel polymer electrolytes/ Ir:NiO/ITO/glass), with ΔT = 53.3% (from T(bleaching) (66.6%) to T(coloration) (13.1%)). The ESECDs had a quick coloration time of 3.58 s, a rapid bleaching time of 1.24 s, and a high cycling durability. Furthermore, it remained at a 45% transmittance modulation level even after 3000 cycles. New anodic materials can thereby provide an alternative to traditional active materials for bi-functional electrochromic batteries.