Abstract
This research aims to explore the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of negative emotions in mainland China during different stages of the COVID-19 pandemic and the external factors influencing this clustering. Using Baidu Index data for 91 negative emotion keywords, a retrospective geographic analysis was conducted across Chinese provinces from 14 October 2019 to 7 July 2022. Four spatial analysis methods (Global Moran's Index, Local Moran's Index, Bivariate Global Moran's Index, and Bivariate Local Moran's Index) are employed to identify potential clustering patterns and influencing factors of negative emotions at different stages. The results indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly intensified the clustering effect of negative emotions in China, particularly with a more pronounced radiation effect in northwestern provinces. Spatial positive correlations are observed between pandemic-related Baidu indices (pandemic Baidu index, government Baidu index, nucleic acid Baidu index) and negative emotions. These findings contribute to understanding the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of negative emotions in China post the COVID-19 outbreak and can guide the allocation of psychological resources during emergencies, thereby promoting social stability.