Abstract
Stent-artery interactions are influenced by the mechanical properties of self-expanding Nitinol stents, but data on these characteristics remain limited. Eleven stents (Absolute Pro, S.M.A.R.T. Control, Misago, Zilver, Complete SE, EverFlex, Innova, Pulsar-18, LifeStent, S.M.A.R.T. Flex, and Supera) used to treat peripheral arterial disease (PAD) were subjected to axial tension, compression, three-point bending, and torsion tests, and the data on reaction forces and moments were compared with finite element simulations of the same experiments. Inverse computational analysis was used to determine austenite and martensite elasticity, transformation stretch, stresses at the start and end of transformation loading, and the start of transformation stress in compression. Uniaxial tensile tests were done on isolated struts from Absolute Pro and Zilver stents to verify the results of the inverse analysis. Our study demonstrate that Nitinol material properties are significantly different across devices. Austenite elasticity ranged 7.5-85 GPa, martensite elasticity 10-47.8 GPa, transformation stretch 1.03-1.08, the start of transformation loading stress 386-465 MPa, the end of transformation loading stress 411-535 MPa, and the start of transformation stress in compression 150-900 MPa. Nitinol of S.M.A.R.T. Control and S.M.A.R.T. Flex devices had the softest response, while Pulsar-18 had the hardest. The presented Nitinol mechanical properties of commonly used PAD stents can improve the fidelity of computational models investigating stent-artery interactions and may help improve clinical outcomes of endovascular PAD repairs through better device design.