Abstract
BACKGROUND: Grip strength and muscle-strengthening activity (MSA) have been independently associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, analyses that consider grip strength in conjunction with MSA, while factoring in age and sex as well, are limited. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association of relative grip strength (RGS) and MSA, separately and in combination, with T2DM, considering differences in age and sex. METHODS: A total of 27,702 participants aged 19 years and older were included from 2014 to 2021 from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The association between RGS, MSA, and T2DM was assessed using logistic regression analysis. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for the independent and joint associations of RGS and MSA on T2DM prevalence. RESULTS: Highest (Q4) RGS levels were independently associated with lower odds of T2DM (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.32 to 0.46; P for trend <0.001). Similarly, engaging in MSA 2 o 3 days per week was associated with lower odds of T2DM (OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.96), although the trend was not statistically significant (P for trend=0.775). In the joint analysis, participants with normal RGS and engaging in MSA ≥2 days per week had the lowest odds of T2DM (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.70). CONCLUSION: Higher RGS and engaging in MSA 2 to 3 days per week are independently associated with lower likelihood of T2DM. The combined association of normal RGS and MSA 2 days or more per week shows the greatest benefit for T2DM prevention.