Abstract
For 24-atom triazine macrocycles, protonation of the heterocycle leads to a rigid, folded structure presenting a network of hydrogen bonds. These molecules derive from dynamic covalent chemistry wherein triazine monomers bearing a protected hydrazine group and acetal tethered by the amino acid dimerize quantitatively in an acidic solution. Here, lysine is used, and the product is a tetracation. The primary amines of the lysine side chains do not interfere with quantitative yields of the desired bis(hydrazone) at concentrations of 5-125 mg/mL. Mathematical modeling of data derived from titration experiments of the macrocycle reveals that the pK(a) values of the protonated triazines are 5.6 and 6.7. Changes in chemical shifts of resonances in the (1)H NMR spectra corroborate these values and further support assignment of the protonation sites. The pK(a) values of the lysine side chains are consistent with expectation. Upon deprotonation, the macrocycle enjoys greater conformational freedom as evident from the broadening of resonances in the (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra indicative of dynamic motion on the NMR time scale and the appearance of additional conformations at room temperature. While well-tempered metadynamics suggests only a modest difference in accessible conformational footprints of the protonated and deprotonated macrocycles, the shift in conformation(s) supports the stabilizing role that the protons adopt in the hydrogen-bonded network.