Abstract
BACKGROUND: Recurrence of common bile duct (CBD) calculi within 30 days following T-tube cholangiography is exceedingly rare. CASE SUMMARY: This article details an instance of choledocholithiasis involving a 1.2 cm × 0.9 cm stone located in the lower and middle segments of the CBD, identified 30 days after T-tube cholangiography, accompanied by multiple microstones. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography revealed dilation of both intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts, with the widest segment of the CBD measuring approximately 2 cm. The patient underwent laparoscopic choledochal exploration followed by choledochojejunostomy using the Roux-en-Y technique. CONCLUSION: Although recurrence of choledocholithiasis within such a short postoperative period is exceedingly uncommon, this case underscores the necessity for clinicians to remain vigilant regarding the potential for early postoperative recurrence.