Abstract
BACKGROUND: The double burden of malnutrition (DBM), characterised by the coexistence of undernutrition and overnutrition, poses a significant public health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. India, being one of these countries, faces a rising burden of malnutrition, with persistently high levels of stunting and a significant increase in overweight and obesity among children under 5 years old. AIM: To estimate the prevalence of DBM and associated sociodemographic factors among children aged 0-5 years in India, using data from the National Family Health Survey-4 (NFHS-4). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A secondary data analysis of the NFHS-4 (2015-2016) a nationally representative cross-sectional data was conducted. The study population consisted of 57 951 children aged 0-5 years, and anthropometric data were extracted from the NFHS-4 India database. Child growth indicators, including stunting, overweight, obesity and DBM were analysed using internationally recognised WHO Child Growth Standards. Descriptive statistics, graphical representations and the χ(2) test of significance were employed to explore the relationships between DBM and various factors. RESULTS: The analysis of data from the NFHS-4 for India revealed that the prevalence of the DBM among children aged 0-5 years was 2.3% (95% CI 2.2% to 2.5%). CONCLUSION: While the prevalence of DBM among children under 5 years of age in India is relatively low at 2.3%, the implications of this issue are far-reaching and enduring. Despite appearing modest, addressing DBM requires sustained attention and comprehensive strategies. Extensive research with larger samples is essential for understanding complex challenges.